SpringBoot嵌入式容器与Web项目启动

SpringBoot 内嵌 Servlet 容器，简化 Web 应用部署。

内置容器支持

容器	默认	说明
Tomcat	是	默认容器
Jetty	否	轻量高性能
Undertow	否	非阻塞高性能

Tomcat默认配置

YAML

server:
  port: 8080
  tomcat:
    # 最大连接数
    max-connections: 10000
    # 最大工作线程
    threads:
      max: 200
      min-spare: 10
    # 接收请求队列
    accept-count: 100
    # 连接超时
    connection-timeout: 20000

切换容器

切换到Jetty

XML

<dependencies>
    <!-- 排除Tomcat -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 添加Jetty -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

切换到Undertow

XML

<dependencies>
    <!-- 排除Tomcat -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 添加Undertow -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

容器配置对比

配置项	Tomcat	Jetty	Undertow
端口配置	server.port	相同	相同
线程配置	server.tomcat.threads	server.jetty.threads	server.undertow.threads
最大连接	server.tomcat.max-connections	server.jetty.max-connections	server.undertow.max-connections

Undertow配置

YAML

server:
  undertow:
    # IO线程数
    io-threads: 16
    # 工作线程数
    worker-threads: 200
    # 缓冲区大小
    buffer-size: 1024
    # 直接缓冲区
    direct-buffers: true

自定义容器配置

Java

@Configuration
public class TomcatConfig {

    @Bean
    public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<TomcatServletWebServerFactory>
            tomcatCustomizer() {

        return factory -> {
            factory.setPort(8081);
            factory.setContextPath("/app");

            factory.addConnectorCustomizers(connector -> {
                connector.setProperty("maxConnections", "5000");
                connector.setProperty("connectionTimeout", "10000");
            });
        };
    }
}

启动流程

Java

main() → SpringApplication.run()
      → createApplicationContext()
      → refreshContext()
      → onRefresh() → 创建嵌入式容器
      → finishRefresh() → 启动容器
      → 应用就绪

启动事件监听

XML

@Component
public class StartupListener implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationStartedEvent> {

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationStartedEvent event) {
        log.info("应用启动完成，容器: {}", event.getApplicationContext()
            .getEnvironment().getProperty("server.servlet.container"));
    }
}

打包部署

JAR包部署（推荐）

Bash

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

XML

mvn clean package
java -jar target/app.jar

WAR包部署（传统方式）

Java

<packaging>war</packaging>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <!-- 保留Tomcat依赖用于本地开发 -->
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

text

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
        return builder.sources(Application.class);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

容器性能对比

场景	推荐
传统Servlet应用	Tomcat
高并发长连接	Undertow
低资源轻量应用	Jetty

Undertow非阻塞IO适合高并发，Tomcat稳定成熟适合企业应用。

要点总结

SpringBoot默认内嵌Tomcat容器
排除tomcat starter后添加其他容器starter切换
JAR包部署是SpringBoot推荐方式
可通过WebServerFactoryCustomizer自定义容器配置
Undertow适合高并发场景

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