Spring Boot 404等容器级异常处理

404等容器级异常不经过Controller层，无法被@ControllerAdvice捕获，需通过ErrorController机制处理。

问题分析

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)
    public Result handle404(NoHandlerFoundException e) {
        return Result.fail(404, "资源不存在");
    }
}

// 默认情况下，404异常不会触发此处理器
// 因为DispatcherServlet没有找到Handler就返回了

解决方案

方案一：启用NoHandlerFoundException

# application.yml
spring:
  mvc:
    throw-exception-if-no-handler-found: true
  web:
    resources:
      add-mappings: false  # 禁用静态资源默认处理

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Result> handle404(NoHandlerFoundException e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(404)
            .body(Result.fail(404, "接口不存在: " + e.getRequestURL()));
    }
}

方案二：自定义ErrorController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class CustomErrorController implements ErrorController {

    @Autowired
    private ErrorAttributes errorAttributes;

    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Result> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> error = errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(
            new ServletWebRequest(request), ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());

        int status = (int) error.get("status");
        String message = (String) error.get("message");

        return ResponseEntity.status(status)
            .body(Result.fail(status, message));
    }
}

方案三：自定义ErrorAttributes

@Component
public class CustomErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest,
                                                   ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
        Map<String, Object> attrs = super.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, options);

        // 自定义错误信息
        attrs.put("code", attrs.get("status"));
        attrs.put("message", attrs.get("error"));
        attrs.put("path", attrs.get("path"));

        // 移除默认字段
        attrs.remove("status");
        attrs.remove("error");

        return attrs;
    }
}

server.error配置

server:
  error:
    path: /error              # 错误处理路径
    include-message: always   # 返回message
    include-binding-errors: always  # 返回绑定错误
    include-stacktrace: on-param    # 堆栈信息：never/always/on-param
    include-exception: false  # 不返回exception类名
    whitelabel:
      enabled: false         # 禁用默认白标签错误页

常见容器级异常

@RestControllerAdvice
public class ContainerExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class)
    public Result handle405(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException e) {
        return Result.fail(405, "不支持" + e.getMethod() + "请求方法");
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException.class)
    public Result handle415(HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException e) {
        return Result.fail(415, "不支持的媒体类型: " + e.getContentType());
    }
}

要点总结

• 404等容器级异常需启用throw-exception-if-no-handler-found
• 自定义ErrorController统一处理容器级错误
• ErrorAttributes定制错误响应内容
• server.error配置控制错误信息展示
• HTTP方法、媒体类型异常可被@ControllerAdvice捕获